Prejudice in psychology pdf

Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination provides a comprehensive and compelling overview of what psychological theory and research have to say about the nature, causes, and reduction of prejudice and discrimination. It balances a detailed discussion of theories and selected research with applied examples that ensure the material is relevant to students.

Newly revised and updated, this edition addresses several interlocking themes, such as research methods, the development of prejudice in children, the relationship between prejudice and discrimination, and discrimination in the workplace, which are developed in greater detail than in other textbooks.

The first theme introduced is the nature of prejudice and discrimination, which is followed by a discussion of research methods. Prejudicial attitudes arise from institutionalised forms of discrimination, but within a society, preju- dices are opposed by anti-prejudiced ideas.

What we would like to know is how the diffusion of this complex set of ideas some of which are opposing is realised? We also ask what leads people to adhere to a specific part of the set of ideas circulating in a given society. We begin with the assumption that these ideas do not circulate evenly throughout the social system.

The main hypothesis of this study emerges from these ideas: people will adhere to prejudiced or anti-prejudiced ideas depending on the type of social insertion they have. It is clear that in groups all kinds of beliefs and norms other than prej- udiced ones circulate.

In general, these ideas come together to form larger units. These beliefs appear to us to be relevant in the study of racism: the position of the individual in the political space their adhesion to the politi- cal programmes of either left- or right-wing political parties and their atti- tude towards the fact that there are developed and developing countries.

It is thought that both forms of social insertion and political attitudes described above have a direct influence on the development of prejudice. Specifically, one would expect that those students who identify with net- works of social movements and politics, and whose political attitudes are sympathetic to left-wing ideologies, social changes and the developing world, are those who would have less prejudiced attitudes, while those students who identify with the values of the developed world and who share right-wing political views would demonstrate higher levels of prejudice.

Our results partially confirm these assumptions: left-wing students per- ceive black people as less distant and have the lowest levels of symbolic preju- dice. Our data also support the conclusions of Pettigrew and Meertens , who, in a similar sample to that of the present study, noted that people with higher levels of education and who identified with left-wing ideologies have the lowest scores on symbolic prejudice, and reject the crude and blatant expressions of hostility between groups.

Camino ; and Mendoza and Camino have shown that the more people are involved in opposi- tion movements and identify with them, the more they reject the use of meri- tocratic standards of justice in solving social problems.

In this sense, these young people reject a fundamental characteristic of symbolic prejudice, while those who show positive attitudes in relation to the developed world are also those who perceive themselves to be more distant from black people and less inclined to meet their policy demands. With regard to social insertion, our results only partially confirm our hypoth- eses. As might be expected, students who identify themselves more with social movements generally agree with the political demands of the black population; however, they do not perceive there to be any smaller social distance towards black people.

An unexpected result was the finding that the students who most closely identified themselves with the affective-religious network perceive there to be a shorter distance between themselves and the black population and had lower levels of symbolic prejudice. To the extent that the network consists of organisations such as family, friends and religion — which are all very differ- ent in nature — it is difficult to identify what specific type of socialisation this network offers and how this influences the development of less racist attitudes.

Clearly, more studies are needed to explain these results. A result that was certainly not expected was that showing a positive cor- relation between positive attitude to the developing world and symbolic prejudice. Or does it signify pov- erty and social immobility? In this latter case it is also difficult to understand how a negative attitude towards developing countries can relate positively to symbolic prejudice. We conclude by stating that racial prejudice is not an individual attitude, but a political attitude affected by the power relations between different racial groups.

Our results corroborate the idea that various ideological fac- tors are capable of influencing the expression of racism to mobilise anti-racist attitudes.

Allport, G. Andrews, G. Azevedo, T. Billig, M. Brown, R. Camino, L. Costa, J. Deschamps, J. Doise, W. Dollard, J. Dovidio, J. Du Bois, W. Duckitt, J. Fernandes, F. Freyre, G. Gaertner, S.

Jones, J. Kinder, D. Mendoza, R. Osgood, C. Pereira, C. Pettigrew, T. It will be a "must have" for many professors across the social sciences. Prejudice is a topic of major interest to psychologists and sociologists, but had rarely been given the broad treatment its importance demanded. Originally published in , this title first introduces the term, showing how it is related to other terms commonly used in psychology and the social sciences, and explains simply and clearly what a scientific analysis must involve.

It then goes on to show how prejudice affects our reasoning and judgement in a wide variety of spheres in addition to race or ethnic attitudes. Next it traces the development of prejudiced attitudes towards black people in Britain and the New World, through the slave system and the slave trade, with a brief look at the remarkably similar development of ethnic attitudes in South Africa at the time.

It then goes on to discuss the debate about race differences in intelligence, showing simply and clearly what the statistical assumptions underlying the heritability hypothesis are. Following that the psychological explanation of prejudice and principles explaining prejudice are spelled out, the question of sex prejudice is dealt with, and finally, the extent of ethnic prejudice in Britain and the USA is discussed.

The final chapter is a summary of the general principles and conclusions discussed through the book. This title provides a scientific and historical perspective on prejudice, a thorough literature review, and clear summarising principles of prejudice, in a simple and straightforward style. Why do we develop extreme attitudes to others? Can our personality contribute to our prejudices?

How do we reduce prejudice and discrimination? The Psychology of Prejudice explores different forms of prejudice and discrimination, from racial jokes to genocide.

It looks at what might cause our prejudiced attitudes, including our personalities, social influences, group identity, and evolutionary factors, and how prejudice can be reduced through education, campaigning, and consciousness raising.

Offering insights into a topic of great public concern and debate, The Psychology of Prejudice shows us how we can confront our prejudiced attitudes and contribute to greater tolerance and understanding. This volume consists of expanded and updated versions of papers presented at the Seventh Ontario Symposium on Personality and Social Psychology. The series is designed to bring together scholars from across North America who work in the same substantive area, with the goals of identifying common concerns and integrating research findings.

The topic of this symposium was the psychology of prejudice and the presentations covered a wide variety of issues. The papers present state-of-the-art research programs addressing prejudice from the point of view of both the bigoted person as well as the victim of bigotry.

The chapter authors confront this issue from two major -- and previously separate -- research traditions: the psychology of attitude and intergroup conflict. Illustrating both the diversity and vitality of research on the psychology of prejudice, the editors hope that this volume will stimulate further research and theorizing in this area. Finding ways to reduce prejudice and discrimination is the central issue in attacking racism in our society. Yet this book is almost unique among scientific volumes in its focus on that goal.

This important book combines critical analysis of theories about how to reduce prejudice and discrimination with cutting-edge empirical research conducted in real-world settings, as well as in controlled laboratory situations. This book's outstanding contributors focus on a common set of questions about ways to reduce intergroup conflict, prejudice, and stereotyping.

They summarize their own research, as well as others, interpret the conclusions, and suggest implications concerning the practical methods that have been, or could be, used in programs aimed at reducing intergroup conflict.

A prejudiced person may not act on their attitude. Therefore, someone can be prejudiced towards a certain group but not discriminate against them. Also, prejudice includes all three components of an attitude affective, behavioral and cognitive , whereas discrimination just involves behavior. Conformity could also be used as an explanation of prejudice if you get stuck writing a psychology essay see below.

Apartheid literally "separateness" was a system of racial segregation that was enforced in South Africa from to Non-white people where prevented from voting and lived in separate communities. Later, the Jews were placed in concentration camps by the Nazis. In Western societies, while women are often discriminated against in the workplace, men are often discriminated against in the home and family environments.

For instance after a divorce women receive primary custody of the children far more often than men. Women on average earn less pay than men for doing the same job. Influences that cause individuals to be racist or sexist, for example, may come from peers, parents, and group membership.

Social norms - behavior considered appropriate within a social group - are one possible influence on prejudice and discrimination.